16th June 2021

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Donec ac ipsum enim. Etiam ultricies augue iaculis, elementum risus non, blandit tortor. Suspendisse lobortis facilisis sapien, in vestibulum sem dignissim ut. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Donec ac ipsum enim. Etiam ultricies augue iaculis, elementum risus non, blandit tortor. Suspendisse lobortis facilisis sapien, in vestibulum sem dignissim ut.

A design approach is a general philosophy that may or may not include a guide for specific methods. Some are to guide the overall goal of the design. Other approaches are to guide the tendencies of the designer.

Today, the term design is generally used for what was formerly called the applied arts. The new term, for a very old thing, was perhaps initiated by Raymond Loewy and teachings at the Bauhaus and Ulm School of Design in Germany during the 20th century.

The rational model is based on a rationalist philosophy According to the rationalist philosophy, design is informed by research and knowledge in a predictable and controlled manner.

The action-centric perspective is a label given to a collection of interrelated concepts, which are antithetical to the rational model. It posits that:

In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers alternate between "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining goals and objectives. A "move" is a tentative design decision. The evaluation process may lead to further moves in the design.

In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers alternate between its three titular activities. Sensemaking includes both framing and evaluating moves. Implementation is the process of constructing the design object. Coevolution is "the process where the design agent simultaneously refines its mental picture of the design object based on its mental picture of the context, and vice versa".